CATECHIN

 Catechin is a natural flavonoid (specifically, a flavan-3-ol), part of the larger polyphenol family. Catechins are mainly found in sources such as 

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) – high in EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and other catechins. Apart from green tea, they are also found in cocoa & dark chocolate, apples, berries, grapes, plums, certain legumes and nuts.

Catechins are usually found in plants’ leaves, seeds, and skins, acting as antioxidants to protect the plant.

• IUPAC name (catechin): (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 
• Formula: C₁₅H₁₄O₆ 
• Molecular weight: ~290.27 g/mol 
• Structure: Polyphenolic ring system with multiple hydroxyl groups (responsible for antioxidant activity)
• Exists in different stereoisomers (catechin, epicatechin) and derivatives (EGCG, ECG, EGC). 
• Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol.

• Antioxidant: Neutralizes free radicals, reduces oxidative stress. 
• Anti-inflammatory: Modulates inflammatory signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB). 
• Antimicrobial: Can inhibit growth of some bacteria and viruses. 
• Cardiovascular benefits: May improve endothelial function, reduce blood pressure, and lower LDL oxidation. 
• Neuroprotective: Research suggests protective effects on neurons and cognitive health. 
• Cardiometabolic health: Linked to reduced risk of heart disease. 
• Cancer prevention: Some studies suggest reduced cancer risk through antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects (though evidence in humans is mixed). 
• Diabetes: May improve insulin sensitivity. 
• Brain health: Potential role in reducing cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s progression. 
• Weight management: Green tea catechins + caffeine may boost fat oxidation.

• Used in nutraceuticals (capsules, powders). 
• Incorporated into functional foods and beverages (e.g., green tea drinks, antioxidant chocolates). 
• Cosmetics & skincare: Anti-aging creams, UV-protection formulas. 
• Potential bioplastic additives for oxidative stability.